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Aluminum Induces Oxidative Stress Genes in Arabidopsis
thaliana1
Keith D. Richards,
Eric J. Schott2,
Yogesh K. Sharma,
Keith R. Davis, and
Richard C. Gardner*
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private
Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand (K.D.R., E.J.S., R.C.G.); and Department of Plant Biology, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210-1002 (Y.K.S., K.R.D.)
Changes
in gene expression induced by toxic levels of Al were characterized to
investigate the nature of Al stress. A cDNA library was constructed
from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with Al for
2 h. We identified five cDNA clones that showed a transient
induction of their mRNA levels, four cDNA clones that showed a longer
induction period, and two down-regulated genes. Expression of the four
long-term-induced genes remained at elevated levels for at least
48 h. The genes encoded peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, blue copper-binding protein, and a protein homologous to the
reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme. Three of these genes are known
to be induced by oxidative stresses and the fourth is induced by
pathogen treatment. Another oxidative stress gene, superoxide
dismutase, and a gene for Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor were also
induced by Al in A. thaliana. These results suggested
that Al treatment of Arabidopsis induces oxidative stress. In
confirmation of this hypothesis, three of four genes induced by Al
stress in A. thaliana were also shown to be induced by
ozone. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stress is an important
component of the plant's reaction to toxic levels of Al.
1
Funding for this research came from the New
Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (grant no.
C10310) and from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State
Research Service, under agreement no. 96-35100-3214.
2
Present address: Center of Marine Biotechnology,
701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail r.gardner{at}auckland.ac.nz; fax
64-9-373-7416.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 409-418
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/116/0409/10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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