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Relationship between CO2 Assimilation, Photosynthetic Electron Transport, and Active O2 Metabolism in Leaves of Maize in the Field during Periods of Low Temperature1

Michael J. Fryer, James R. Andrews, Kevin Oxborough, David A. Blowers, and Neil R. Baker*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, United Kingdom

Measurements of the quantum efficiencies of photosynthetic electron transport through photosystem II (phi PSII) and CO2 assimilation (phi CO2) were made simultaneously on leaves of maize (Zea mays) crops in the United Kingdom during the early growing season, when chilling conditions were experienced. The activities of a range of enzymes involved with scavenging active O2 species and the levels of key antioxidants were also measured. When leaves were exposed to low temperatures during development, the ratio of phi PSII/phi CO2 was elevated, indicating the operation of an alternative sink to CO2 for photosynthetic reducing equivalents. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase and the levels of ascorbate and alpha -tocopherol were also elevated during chilling periods. This supports the hypothesis that the relative flux of photosynthetic reducing equivalents to O2 via the Mehler reaction is higher when leaves develop under chilling conditions. Lipoxygenase activity and lipid peroxidation were also increased during low temperatures, suggesting that lipoxygenase-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids contributes to the oxidative damage occurring in chill-stressed leaves.

1   This work was supported by grants from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom and from the Commission of the European Communities (grant no. AIRI-CT92-0205 to N.R.B.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail baken{at}essex.ac.uk; fax 44-1206-873416.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 571-580
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/116/0571/10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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