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Temporal Regulation of Somatic Embryogenesis by Adjusting Cellular Polyamine Content in Eggplant1

Jitender Singh Yadav and Manchikatla Venkat Rajam*

Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India

Four critical stages of embryogenesis, including callus induction, cellular acquisition of morphogenetic competence, expression of embryogenic program, and development and maturation of somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis from leaf discs of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), were identified by scanning electron microscopy. Temporal changes in arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and polyamines (PAs) during critical stages of embryogenesis revealed that high levels of PAs (especially putrescine [PUT]), due to higher ADC activity in discs from the apical region (with high embryogenic capacity) than from the basal region of the leaf (with poor embryogenic capacity), were correlated with differential embryogenesis response. Kinetic studies of the up- and down-regulation of embryogenesis revealed that PUT and difluoromethylarginine pretreatments were most effective before the onset of embryogenesis. Basal discs pretreated with PUT for 4 to 7 d showed improved embryogenesis that was comparable to apical discs. PA content at various critical steps in embryogenesis from basal discs were found to be comparable to that of apical discs following adjustments of cellular PA content by PUT. In contrast, pretreatment of apical discs with difluoromethylarginine for 3 d significantly reduced ADC activity, cellular PA content, and embryogenesis to levels that were comparable to basal discs. Discs from the basal region of leaves treated with PUT for 3 d during the identified stages of embryogenesis improved their embryogenic potential.

1   This research was generously supported by the Department of Science and Technology (grant no. SP/SO/A-23/92), New Delhi, India.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail gen{at}dusc.ernet.in; fax 91-11-688-5270 or 688-6427.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 617-625
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/116/0617/09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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J. Vuosku, A. Jokela, E. Laara, M. Saaskilahti, R. Muilu, S. Sutela, T. Altabella, T. Sarjala, and H. Haggman
Consistency of Polyamine Profiles and Expression of Arginine Decarboxylase in Mitosis during Zygotic Embryogenesis of Scots Pine
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2006; 142(3): 1027 - 1038.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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