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The Role of Iron-Deficiency Stress Responses in Stimulating
Heavy-Metal Transport in Plants1
Clara K. Cohen,
Tama C. Fox,
David F. Garvin, and
Leon V. Kochian*
United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States
Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (C.K.C., D.F.G., L.V.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
Hampshire 03755 (T.C.F.)
Plant accumulation of Fe and other
metals can be enhanced under Fe deficiency. We investigated the
influence of Fe status on heavy-metal and divalent-cation uptake in
roots of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle) seedlings
using Cd2+ uptake as a model system. Radiotracer techniques
were used to quantify unidirectional 109Cd influx into
roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient pea seedlings. The
concentration-dependent kinetics for 109Cd influx were
graphically complex and nonsaturating but could be resolved into a
linear component and a saturable component exhibiting Michaelis-Menten
kinetics. We demonstrated that the linear component was apoplastically
bound Cd2+ remaining in the root cell wall after
desorption, whereas the saturable component was transporter-mediated
Cd2+ influx across the root-cell plasma membrane. The
Cd2+ transport system in roots of both Fe-deficient and
Fe-sufficient seedlings exhibited similar Michaelis constant
values, 1.5 and 0.6 µm, respectively, for
saturable Cd2+ influx, whereas the maximum initial velocity
for Cd2+ uptake in Fe-deficient seedlings was nearly 7-fold
higher than that in Fe-grown seedlings. Investigations into the
mechanistic basis for this response demonstrated that
Fe-deficiency-induced stimulation of the plasma membrane
H+-ATPase did not play a role in the enhanced
Cd2+ uptake. Expression studies with the Fe2+
transporter cloned from Arabidopsis, IRT1, indicated
that Fe deficiency induced the expression of this transporter, which
might facilitate the transport of heavy-metal divalent cations such as
Cd2+ and Zn2+, in addition to Fe2+.
1
This work was supported by a grant from the U.S.
Department of Energy, Division of Energy Biosciences (Interagency
Agreement DE-A 102-95ER 21097) to L.V.K.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail lvk1{at}cornell.edu; fax
1-607-255-2459.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 1063-1072
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/116/1063/10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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