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Rearrangement of Actin Microfilaments in Plant Root Hairs Responding to Rhizobium etli Nodulation Signals1

Luis Cárdenas, Luis Vidali, Jimena Domínguez, Héctor Pérez2, Federico Sánchez, Peter K. Hepler, and Carmen Quinto*

Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca Morelos 62271, Mexico (L.C., J.D., H.P., F.S., C.Q.); and Biology Department, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Box 35810, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-5810 (L.V., P.K.H.)

The response of the actin cytoskeleton to nodulation (Nod) factors secreted by Rhizobium etli has been studied in living root hairs of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that were microinjected with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin. In untreated control cells or cells treated with the inactive chitin oligomer, the actin cytoskeleton was organized into long bundles that were oriented parallel to the long axis of the root hair and extended into the apical zone. Upon exposure to R. etli Nod factors, the filamentous actin became fragmented, as indicated by the appearance of prominent masses of diffuse fluorescence in the apical region of the root hair. These changes in the actin cytoskeleton were rapid, observed as soon as 5 to 10 min after application of the Nod factors. It was interesting that the filamentous actin partially recovered in the continued presence of the Nod factor: by 1 h, long bundles had reformed. However, these cells still contained a significant amount of diffuse fluorescence in the apical zone and in the nuclear area, presumably indicating the presence of short actin filaments. These results indicate that Nod factors alter the organization of actin microfilaments in root hair cells, and this could be a prelude for the formation of infection threads.

1   This research was supported by grants from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico/Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM; nos. IN202595 and IN200196) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnológia (CONACYT), México (no. N-9608 to C.Q.), and by grants from the National Science Foundation (no. MCB-9601087 to P.K.H.; no. BBS-8714235 to the Microscopy Facility, University of Massachusetts, Amherst). L.C. and L.V. were supported by fellowships from CONACYT and DGAPA-UNAM, respectively.
2   This article is dedicated to our dear friend and colleague Héctor Pérez, who passed away on November 10, 1996.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail quinto{at}ibt.unam.mx; fax 52-73-136600.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 871-877
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/116/0871/07
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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