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Differential Regulation of Sugar-Sensitive Sucrose Synthases by
Hypoxia and Anoxia Indicate Complementary Transcriptional and
Posttranscriptional Responses1
Ying Zeng,
Yong Wu,
Wayne T. Avigne, and
Karen E. Koch*
Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural
Sciences Department, Fifield Hall, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 32611
The goal of this research was to
resolve the hypoxic and anoxic responses of maize (Zea
mays) sucrose (Suc) synthases known to differ in their sugar
regulation. The two maize Suc synthase genes, Sus1 and
Sh1, both respond to sugar and O2, and
recent work suggests commonalities between these signaling systems.
Maize seedlings (NK508 hybrid, W22 inbred, and an isogenic
sh1-null mutant) were exposed to anoxic, hypoxic, and
aerobic conditions (0, 3, and 21% O2, respectively), when
primary roots had reached approximately 5 cm. One-centimeter tips were
excised for analysis during the 48-h treatments. At the mRNA level,
Sus1 was rapidly up-regulated by hypoxia (approximately
5-fold in 6 h), whereas anoxia had less effect. In contrast,
Sh1 mRNA abundance increased strongly under anoxia
(approximately 5-fold in 24 h) and was much less affected by
hypoxia. At the enzyme level, total Suc synthase activity rose rapidly
under hypoxia but showed little significant change during anoxia. The
contributions of SUS1 and SH1 activities to these responses were
dissected over time by comparing the sh1-null mutant
with the isogenic wild type (Sus+, Sh1+).
Sh1-dependent activity contributed most markedly to a
rapid protein-level response consistently observed in the first 3 h, and, subsequently, to a long-term change mediated at the level of
mRNA accumulation at 48 h. A complementary midterm rise in SUS1
activity varied in duration with genetic background. These data
highlight the involvement of distinctly different genes and probable
signal mechanisms under hypoxia and anoxia, and together with earlier work, show parallel induction of "feast and famine" Suc synthase genes by hypoxia and anoxia, respectively. In addition, complementary modes of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation are implicated by these data, and provide a mechanism for sequential contributions from the Sus1 and Sh1 genes
during progressive onset of naturally occurring low-O2
events.
1
This research was supported by the National
Science Foundation and the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station
(journal series no. R-06193).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail kek{at}gnv.ifas.ufl.edu; fax
1-352-392-6479.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 116: 1573-1583
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/116/1573/11
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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