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Aluminum Resistance in the Arabidopsis Mutant alr-104 Is Caused by an Aluminum-Induced Increase in Rhizosphere pH1

Jörg Degenhardt, Paul B. Larsen, Stephen H. Howell, and Leon V. Kochian*

United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Tower Road, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (J.D., P.B.L., L.V.K.); and Boyce Thompson Institute, Tower Road, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (S.H.H.)

A mechanism that confers increased Al resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant alr-104 was investigated. A modified vibrating microelectrode system was used to measure H+ fluxes generated along the surface of small Arabidopsis roots. In the absence of Al, no differences in root H+ fluxes between wild type and alr-104 were detected. However, Al exposure induced a 2-fold increase in net H+ influx in alr-104 localized to the root tip. The increased flux raised the root surface pH of alr-104 by 0.15 unit. A root growth assay was used to assess the Al resistance of alr-104 and wild type in a strongly pH-buffered nutrient solution. Increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.4 to 4.5 significantly increased Al resistance in wild type, which is consistent with the idea that the increased net H+ influx can account for greater Al resistance in alr-104. Differences in Al resistance between wild type and alr-104 disappeared when roots were grown in pH-buffered medium, suggesting that Al resistance in alr-104 is mediated only by pH changes in the rhizosphere. This mutant provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, for an Al-resistance mechanism based on an Al-induced increase in root surface pH.

1   This work was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (project no. R82-0001-010 to S.H.H. and L.V.K.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail lvk1{at}cornell.edu; fax 1-607-255-2459.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 117: 19-27
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/117/0019/09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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