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Two Structurally Similar Maize Cytosolic Superoxide Dismutase
Genes, Sod4 and Sod4A, Respond Differentially
to Abscisic Acid and High Osmoticum1
Lingqiang Guan and
John G. Scandalios*
Department of Genetics, Box 7614, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614
The maize (Zea mays)
superoxide dismutase genes Sod4 and Sod4A
are highly similar in structure but each responds differentially to
environmental signals. We examined the effects of the hormone abscisic
acid (ABA) on the developmental response of Sod4 and Sod4A. Although both Sod4 and
Sod4A transcripts accumulate during late embryogenesis,
only Sod4 is up-regulated by ABA and osmotic stress.
Accumulation of Sod4 transcript in response to osmotic stress is a consequence of increased endogenous ABA levels in developing embryos. Sod4 mRNA is up-regulated by ABA in
viviparous-1 mutant embryos. Sod4
transcript increases within 4 h with ABA not only in developing
embryos but also in mature embryos and in young leaves.
Sod4A transcript is up-regulated by ABA only in young
leaves, but neither Sod4 nor Sod4A
transcripts changed in response to osmotic stress. Our data suggest
that in leaves Sod4 and Sod4A may respond
to ABA and osmotic stress via alternate pathways. Since the
Sod genes have a known function, we hypothesize that the
increase in Sod mRNA in response to ABA is due in part to ABA-mediated metabolic changes leading to changes in oxygen free
radical levels, which in turn lead to the induction of the antioxidant
defense system.
1
This research was supported in part by grant no.
R819360 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jgs{at}unity.ncsu.edu; fax
1-919-515-3355.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 117: 217-224
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/117/0217/08
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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