Plant Physiol. Drug Metab Dispos
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Allele-Dependent Barley Grain beta -Amylase Activity1

Maria J. Erkkilä2, Robert Leah, Hannu Ahokas, and Verena Cameron-Mills*

Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J.E., R.L., V.C.-M.); and Plant Breeding Section, Agricultural Research Centre, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland (H.A.)

The wild ancestor of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) A. & Gr. (H. spontaneum), is a source of wide genetic diversity, including traits that are important for malting quality. A high beta -amylase trait was previously identified in H. spontaneum strains from Israel, and transferred into the backcross progeny of a cross with the domesticated barley cv Adorra. We have used Southern-blot analysis and beta -amy1 gene characterization to demonstrate that the high beta -amylase trait in the backcross line is co-inherited with the beta -amy1 gene from the H. spontaneum parent. We have analyzed the beta -amy1 gene organization in various domesticated and wild-type barley strains and identified three distinct beta -amy1 alleles. Two of these beta -amy1 alleles were present in modern barley, one of which was specifically found in good malting barley cultivars. The third allele, linked with high grain beta -amylase activity, was found only in a H. spontaneum strain from the Judean foothills in Israel. The sequences of three isolated beta -amy1 alleles are compared. The involvement of specific intron III sequences, in particular a 126-bp palindromic insertion, in the allele-dependent expression of beta -amylase activity in barley grain is proposed.

1   This research was supported by the Nordisk Forskerutdanningsakademi (grant no. 95.30.075-O).
2   Present address: Plant Breeding Section, Agricultural Research Centre, FIN- 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail verena{at}biobase.dk; fax 45-33-27-47-64.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 117: 679-685
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/117/0679/07
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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