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The Never ripe Mutant Provides Evidence That
Tumor-Induced Ethylene Controls the Morphogenesis of
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Induced Crown Galls on
Tomato Stems1,2
Roni Aloni*,
Asnat Wolf,
Pua Feigenbaum,
Adi Avni, and
Harry J. Klee
Department of Plant Sciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life
Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel (R.A., A.W.,
P.F., A.A.); and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of
Florida, 1143 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (H.J.K.)
We confirm the hypothesis that
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced galls produce ethylene
that controls vessel differentiation in the host stem of tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Using an
ethylene-insensitive mutant, Never ripe
(Nr), and its isogenic wild-type parent we show that
infection by A. tumefaciens results in high rates of
ethylene evolution from the developing crown galls. Ethylene evolution
from isolated internodes carrying galls was up to 50-fold greater than
from isolated internodes of control plants when measured 21 and 28 d after infection. Tumor-induced ethylene substantially decreased
vessel diameter in the host tissues beside the tumor in wild-type stems
but had a very limited effect in the Nr stems. Ethylene
promoted the typical unorganized callus shape of the gall, which
maximized the tumor surface in wild-type stems, whereas the galls on
the Nr stems had a smooth surface. The combination of
decreased vessel diameter in the host and increased tumor surface
ensured water-supply priority to the growing gall over the host shoot.
These results indicate that in addition to the well-defined roles of
auxin and cytokinin, there is a critical role for ethylene in
determining crown-gall morphogenesis.
1
This study was supported by the research
authority of Tel Aviv University, Israel.
2
This paper is dedicated to Prof. Judah Folkman (Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA) for his contributions on the role of
angiogenesis in human and animal tumor morphogenesis.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail alonir{at}post.tau.ac.il; fax
972-3-640-9380.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 117: 841-849
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/117/0841/09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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