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Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 Mutation with
the Gene Encoding p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase
Susan R. Norris1,
Xiaohua Shen, and
Dean Della Penna*
Departments of Biochemistry and Plant Sciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (S.R.N.); and Department of
Biochemistry/200, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (X.S.,
D.D.P.)
Plastoquinone and tocopherols are the
two major quinone compounds in higher plant chloroplasts and are
synthesized by a common pathway. In previous studies we characterized
two loci in Arabidopsis defining key steps of this biosynthetic
pathway. Mutation of the PDS1 locus disrupts the
activity of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPDase), the first committed step in the synthesis of both
plastoquinone and tocopherols in plants. Although plants homozygous for
the pds1 mutation could be rescued by growth in the
presence of homogentisic acid, the product of HPPDase, we were unable
to determine if the mutation directly or indirectly disrupted HPPDase
activity. This paper reports the isolation of a cDNA, pHPPD, encoding
Arabidopsis HPPDase and its functional characterization by expression
in both plants and Escherichia coli. pHPPD encodes a
50-kD polypeptide with homology to previously identified HPPDases,
including 37 highly conserved amino acid residues clustered in the
carboxyl region of the protein. Expression of pHPPD in E. coli catalyzes the accumulation of homogentisic acid,
indicating that it encodes a functional HPPDase enzyme. Mapping of
pHPPD and co-segregation analysis of the pds1 mutation
and the HPPD gene indicate tight linkage. Constitutive expression of
pHPPD in a pds1 mutant background complements this
mutation. Finally, comparison of the HPPD genomic sequences from wild
type and pds1 identified a 17-bp deletion in the
pds1 allele that results in deletion of the
carboxyterminal 26 amino acids of the HPPDase protein. Together, these
data conclusively demonstrate that pds1 is a mutation in
the HPPDase structural gene.
1
Present address: Boyce Thompson Institute, Tower
Road, Ithaca, NY 14853.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail della_d{at}med.unr.edu; fax
1- 702-784-1650.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 117: 1317-1323
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/117//07
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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