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Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato1

Tamara L. Jones2, Dawn E. Tucker, and Donald R. Ort*

Department of Plant Biology (T.L.J., D.E.T., D.R.O.) and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (D.R.O.), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3838

Overnight low-temperature exposure inhibits photosynthesis in chilling-sensitive species such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber by as much as 60%. In an earlier study we showed that one intriguing effect of low temperature on chilling-sensitive plants is to stall the endogenous rhythm controlling transcription of certain nuclear-encoded genes, causing the synthesis of the corresponding transcripts and proteins to be mistimed when the plant is rewarmed. Here we show that the circadian rhythm controlling the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (NR), key control points of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plant cells, is delayed in tomato by chilling treatments. Using specific protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors, we further demonstrate that the chilling-induced delay in the circadian control of SPS and NR activity is associated with the activity of critical protein phosphatases. The sensitivity of the pattern of SPS activity to specific inhibitors of transcription and translation indicates that there is a chilling-induced delay in SPS phosphorylation status that is caused by an effect of low temperature on the expression of a gene coding for a phosphoprotein phosphatase, perhaps the SPS phosphatase. In contrast, the chilling-induced delay in NR activity does not appear to arise from effects on NR phosphorylation status, but rather from direct effects on NR expression. It is likely that the mistiming in the regulation of SPS and NR, and perhaps other key metabolic enzymes under circadian regulation, underlies the chilling sensitivity of photosynthesis in these plant species.

1   This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grant no. 91-37100-6620 to D.R.O.) and by an Integrative Photosynthesis Research Training Grant from the Department of Energy (no. DEFGO2-92ER20095), funded under the program for Collaborative Research in Plant Biology.
2   Present address: MJ Research, Inc., 136 Coolidge Avenue, Watertown, MA 02172.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail d-ort{at}uiuc.edu; fax 1-217-244-0656.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 149-158
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/118//10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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