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Inhibition of the Gravitropic Response of Snapdragon Spikes by the Calcium-Channel Blocker Lanthanum Chloride1

Haya Friedman, Shimon Meir, Ida Rosenberger, Abraham H. Halevy, Peter B. Kaufman, and Sonia Philosoph-Hadas*

Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (H.F., S.M., I.R., S.P.-H.); The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel (A.H.H.); and Department of Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 (P.B.K.)

The putative Ca2+-channel blocker LaCl3 prevented the gravitropic bending of cut snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes (S. Philosoph-Hadas, S. Meir, I. Rosenberger, A.H. Halevy [1996] Plant Physiol 110: 301-310) and inhibited stem curvature to a greater extent than vertical and horizontal stem elongation at the bending zone. This might indicate that LaCl3, which modulates cytosolic Ca2+, does not influence general stem-growth processes but may specifically affect other gravity-associated processes occurring at the stem-bending zone. Two such specific gravity-dependent events were found to occur in the bending zone of snapdragon spikes: sedimentation of starch-containing chloroplasts at the bottom of stem cortex cells, as seen in cross-sections, and establishment of an ethylene gradient across the stem. Our results show that the lateral sedimentation of chloroplasts associated with gravity sensing was prevented in cross-sections taken from the bending zone of LaCl3-treated and subsequently gravistimulated spikes and that LaCl3 completely prevented the gravity-induced, asymmetric ethylene production established across the stem-bending zone. These data indicate that LaCl3 inhibits stem curvature of snapdragon spikes by preventing several gravity-dependent processes. Therefore, we propose that the gravitropic response of shoots could be mediated through a Ca2+-dependent pathway involving modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ at various stages.

1   This work was supported by grant no. IS-2434-94 from the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, by grant no. 95/26 from the Joint Dutch-Israeli Agricultural Research Program, and by the Pearlstein Family Fund for Research in Ornamental Horticulture at the Hebrew University (to A.H.H.). This study is no. 407 in the Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel) series.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail vtsoniap{at}volcani.agri.gov.il; fax 972-3-968-3622.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 483-492
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/118//10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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