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Localized Changes in Peroxidase Activity Accompany Hydrogen
Peroxide Generation during the Development of a Nonhost Hypersensitive
Reaction in Lettuce1
Charles S. Bestwick*, 2,
Ian R. Brown, and
John W. Mansfield
Department of Biological Sciences, Wye College, University of
London, Wye, Kent TN25 5AH, United Kingdom
Peroxidase
activity was characterized in lettuce (Lactuca sativa
L.) leaf tissue. Changes in the activity and distribution of the enzyme
were examined during the development of a nonhost hypersensitive
reaction (HR) induced by Pseudomonas syringae (P. s.) pv phaseolicola and in response to an
hrp mutant of the bacterium. Assays of activity in
tissue extracts revealed pH optima of 4.5, 6.0, 5.5 to 6.0, and 6.0 to
6.5 for the substrates tetramethylbenzidine, guaiacol, caffeic acid,
and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Inoculation with water or with
wild-type or hrp mutant strains of P. s.
pv phaseolicola caused an initial decline in total
peroxidase activity; subsequent increases depended on the hydrogen
donor used in the assay. Guaiacol peroxidase recovered more rapidly in
tissues undergoing the HR, whereas changes in tetramethylbenzidine
peroxidase were generally similar in the two interactions. In contrast,
increases in chlorogenic acid peroxidase were significantly higher in
tissues inoculated with the hrp mutant. During the HR,
increased levels of Mn2+/2,4-dichlorophenol-stimulated NADH
and NADPH oxidase activities, characteristic of certain peroxidases,
were found in intercellular fluids and closely matched the accumulation
of H2O2 in the apoplast. Histochemical analysis
of peroxidase distribution by electron microscopy revealed a striking,
highly localized increase in activity within the endomembrane system
and cell wall at the sites of bacterial attachment. However, no clear
differences in peroxidase location were observed in tissue challenged
by the wild-type strain or the hrp mutant. Our results
highlight the significance of the subcellular control of oxidative
reactions leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species, cell
wall alterations, and the HR.
1
This work was supported by grants from the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) and the
European Union Biotechnology Framework IV program.
2
Present address: Division of Micronutrient and
Lipid Metabolism, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,
Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail csb{at}rri.sari.ac.uk; fax
44-1-224-716687.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 1067-1078
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/118//12
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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