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The Role of Cytosolic Potassium and pH in the Growth of Barley Roots1

David J. Walker, Colin R. Black, and Anthony J. Miller*

Biochemistry and Physiology Department, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (D.J.W., A.J.M.); and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (C.R.B.)

In an earlier paper we showed that in fully developed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root epidermal cells a decrease in cytosolic K+ was associated with an acidification of the cytosol (D.J. Walker, R.A. Leigh, A.J. Miller [1996] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 10510-10514). To show that these changes in cytosolic ion concentrations contributed to the decreased growth of K+-starved roots, we first measured whether similar changes occurred in cells of the growing zone. Triple-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure cytosolic K+ activity and pH in cells 0.5 to 1.0 mm from the root tip. In plants growing from 7 to 21 d after germination under K+-replete conditions, the mean values did not change significantly, with values ranging from 80 to 84 mM for K+ and 7.3 to 7.4 for pH. However, in K+-starved plants (external [K+], 2 µM), the mean cytosolic K+ activity and pH had declined to 44 mM and 7.0, respectively, after 14 d. For whole roots, sap osmolality was always lower in K+-starved than in K+-replete plants, whereas elongation rate and dry matter accumulation were significantly decreased after 14 and 16 d of K+ starvation. The rate of protein synthesis in root tips did not change for K+-replete plants but declined significantly with age in K+-starved plants. Butyrate treatment decreased cytosolic pH and diminished the rate of protein synthesis in K+-replete roots. Procaine treatment of K+-starved roots gave an alkalinization of the cytosol and increased protein synthesis rate. These results show that changes in both cytosolic pH and K+ can be significant factors in inhibiting protein synthesis and root growth during K+ deficiency.

1   IACR-Rothamsted receives grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail tony.miller{at}bbsrc.ac.uk; fax 44-1582-760981.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 957-964
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/118//08
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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