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Spermine Is a Salicylate-Independent Endogenous Inducer for Both
Tobacco Acidic Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Resistance against
Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection1
Hiromoto Yamakawa,
Hiroshi Kamada,
Masaya Satoh2, and
Yuko Ohashi*
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305, Japan (H.Y., H.K.); and Department of Molecular Genetics,
National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan (M.S., Y.O.)
Intercellular
spaces are often the first sites invaded by pathogens. In the spaces of
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected and necrotic lesion-forming tobacco
(Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves, we found that an inducer
for acidic pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was accumulated. The
induction activity was recovered in gel-filtrated fractions of low
molecular mass with a basic nature, into which authentic spermine (Spm)
was eluted. We quantified polyamines in the intercellular spaces of the
necrotic lesion-forming leaves and found 20-fold higher levels of free
Spm than in healthy leaves. Among several polyamines tested,
exogenously supplied Spm induced acidic PR-1 gene
expression. Immunoblot analysis showed that Spm treatment increased not
only acidic PR-1 but also acidic PR-2, PR-3, and PR-5 protein
accumulation. Treatment of healthy tobacco leaves with salicylic acid
(SA) caused no significant increase in the level of endogenous Spm, and
Spm did not increase the level of endogenous SA, suggesting that
induction of acidic PR proteins by Spm is independent of SA. The size
of TMV-induced local lesions was reduced by Spm treatment. These
results indicate that Spm accumulates outside of cells after lesion
formation and induces both acidic PR proteins and resistance against
TMV via a SA-independent signaling pathway.
1
This work was supported by grants from the
Center of Excellence and Core Research for Evolutional Science and
Technology.
2
Present address: Faculty of Integrated Arts and
Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770, Japan.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail yohashi{at}ss.abr.affrc.go.jp; fax
81-298-38-7044.
Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 1213-1222
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/98/118//10
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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