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A Gene Encoding Proline Dehydrogenase Is Not Only Induced by Proline and Hypoosmolarity, but Is Also Developmentally Regulated in the Reproductive Organs of Arabidopsis1

Kazuo Nakashima, Rie Satoh, Tomohiro Kiyosue2, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki*, and Kazuo Shinozaki

Biological Resources Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan (K.N., R.S., K.Y.-S.); and Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (T.K., K.S.)

The cDNA clone ERD5 (early responsive to dehydration), isolated from 1-h-dehydrated Arabidopsis, encodes a precursor of proline (Pro) dehydrogenase (ProDH), which is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the first step of the conversion of Pro to glutamic acid. The transcript of the erd5 (ProDH) gene was undetectable when plants were dehydrated, but large amounts of transcript accumulated when plants were subsequently rehydrated. Accumulation of the transcript was also observed in plants that had been incubated under hypoosmotic conditions in media that contained L- or D-Pro. We isolated a 1.4-kb DNA fragment of the putative promoter region of the ProDH gene. The beta -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the 1.4-kb ProDH promoter was induced not only by rehydration but also by hypoosmolarity and L- and D-Pro at significant levels in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The promoter of the ProDH gene directs strong GUS activity in reproductive organs such as pollen and pistils and in the seeds of the transgenic plants. GUS activity was detected in vegetative tissues such as veins of leaves and root tips when the transgenic plants were exposed to hypoosmolarity and Pro solutions. GUS activity increased during germination of the transgenic plants under hypoosmolarity. The relationship between Pro metabolism and the physiological aspects of stress response and development are discussed.

1   This research was supported in part by the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences, the Human Frontier Science Program, the Special Coordination Fund of the Science and Technology Agency, and a grant-in aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.
2   Present address: National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444, Japan.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail kazukoys{at}jircas.affrc.go.jp; fax 81-298-38-6643.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 1233-1241
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/118//09
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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