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Export of Carbon from Chloroplasts at Night1

Jürgen Schleucher2, Peter J. Vanderveer, and Thomas D. Sharkey*

Department of Botany (J.S., P.J.V., T.D.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (J.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Hexose export from chloroplasts at night has been inferred in previous studies of mutant and transgenic plants. We have tested whether hexose export is the normal route of carbon export from chloroplasts at night. We used nuclear magnetic resonance to distinguish glucose (Glc) made from hexose export and Glc made from triose export. Glc synthesized in vitro from fructose-6-phosphate in the presence of deuterium-labeled water had deuterium incorporated at C-2, whereas synthesis from triose phosphates caused C-2 through C-5 to become deuterated. In both tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Glc from sucrose made at night in the presence of deuterium-enriched water was deuterated only in the C-2 position, indicating that >75% of carbon is exported as hexoses at night. In darkness the phosphate in the cytosol was 28 mM, whereas that in the chloroplasts was 5 mM, but hexose phosphates were 10-fold higher in the cytosol than in the chloroplasts. Therefore, hexose phosphates would not move out of chloroplasts without the input of energy. We conclude that most carbon leaves chloroplasts at night as Glc, maltose, or higher maltodextrins under normal conditions.

1   This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG-02-87ER13785). J.S. was supported in part by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
2   Present address: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail tsharkey{at}facstaff.wisc.edu; fax 1-608-262-7509.

Plant Physiol. (1998) 118: 1439-1445
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/98/118//07
© 1998 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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