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Regulation of Ferulate-5-Hydroxylase Expression in Arabidopsis in the Context of Sinapate Ester Biosynthesis1

Max Ruegger, Knut Meyer2, Joanne C. Cusumano, and Clint Chapple*

Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1153

Sinapic acid is an intermediate in syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms, and in some taxa serves as a precursor for soluble secondary metabolites. The biosynthesis and accumulation of the sinapate esters sinapoylglucose, sinapoylmalate, and sinapoylcholine are developmentally regulated in Arabidopsis and other members of the Brassicaceae. The FAH1 locus of Arabidopsis encodes the enzyme ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in syringyl lignin biosynthesis and is required for the production of sinapate esters. Here we show that F5H expression parallels sinapate ester accumulation in developing siliques and seedlings, but is not rate limiting for their biosynthesis. RNA gel-blot analysis indicated that the tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of F5H mRNA is distinct from that of other phenylpropanoid genes. Efforts to identify constructs capable of complementing the sinapate ester-deficient phenotype of fah1 mutants demonstrated that F5H expression in leaves is dependent on sequences 3' of the F5H coding region. In contrast, the positive regulatory function of the downstream region is not required for F5H transcript or sinapoylcholine accumulation in embryos.

1   This research was supported by the Division of Energy Biosciences, U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-94ER20138 to C.C.), and by postdoctoral fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Feodor Lynen Fellowship) to K.M. This is journal paper no. 15, 853 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station.
2   Present address: Shell Forestry Research Unit, HRI East Malling, West Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, United Kingdom.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail chapple{at}biochem.purdue.edu; fax 1-765-494-7897.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 101-110
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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