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Structural Alterations of Lignins in Transgenic Poplars with Depressed Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase or Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase Activity Have an Opposite Impact on the Efficiency of Industrial Kraft Pulping1

Catherine Lapierre*, Brigitte Pollet, Michel Petit-Conil, Gabriel Toval, Javier Romero, Gilles Pilate, Jean-Charles Leplé, Wout Boerjan, Valérie Ferret, Véronique De Nadai, and Lise Jouanin

Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Institut National Agronomique, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France (C.L., B.P.); Centre Technique du Papier, BP 251, F-38044, Grenoble, cedex 09, France (M.P.-C.); Centro de Investigacion de Empresa Nacional Celulosas, Carretera Campano, S/N, 36157 Pontevedra, Spain (G.T., J.R.); Station d'Amélioration des Arbres Forestiers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-45160, Ardon, France (G.P., J-C.L.); Laboratorium voor Genetika, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent Belgium (W.B.); and Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (V.F., V.D.N., L.J.)

We evaluated lignin profiles and pulping performances of 2-year-old transgenic poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) lines severely altered in the expression of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) or cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Transgenic poplars with CAD or COMT antisense constructs showed growth similar to control trees. CAD down-regulated poplars displayed a red coloration mainly in the outer xylem. A 90% lower COMT activity did not change lignin content but dramatically increased the frequency of guaiacyl units and resistant biphenyl linkages in lignin. This alteration severely lowered the efficiency of kraft pulping. The Klason lignin level of CAD-transformed poplars was slightly lower than that of the control. Whereas CAD down-regulation did not change the frequency of labile ether bonds or guaiacyl units in lignin, it increased the proportion of syringaldehyde and diarylpropane structures and, more importantly with regard to kraft pulping, of free phenolic groups in lignin. In the most depressed line, ASCAD21, a substantially higher content in free phenolic units facilitated lignin solubilization and fragmentation during kraft pulping. These results point the way to genetic modification of lignin structure to improve wood quality for the pulp industry.

1   This work was financially supported by the European Commission DGXII Fishery and Agro-Industrial Research Project (Timber Program, contract no. FAIR-CT95-0424).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail lapierre{at}platon.grignon.inra.fr; fax 33-1-30-81-53-73.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 153-164
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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