Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Arginase Is Inoperative in Developing Soybean Embryos1

Ariel Goldraij and Joe C. Polacco*

Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211

Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) transcript level and activity were measured in soybean (Glycine max L.) embryos from the reserve deposition stage to postgermination. Using a cDNA probe for a small soybean arginase gene family, no transcript was detected in developing embryos. However, arginase transcripts increased sharply on germination, reaching a maximum at 3 to 5 d after germination. There was low but measurable in vitro arginase specific activity in developing embryos (less than 6% of seedling maximum). During germination arginase specific activity increased in parallel with the sharply increasing arginase transcript level. Seedling arginase activity was largely localized in cotyledons. Arginase activity was assayed in vivo by measuring urea accumulation in a urease-deficient mutant. No urea was detected in developing embryos, whereas accumulated urea paralleled arginase specific activity and transcript level in germinating seedlings. As in planta embryos, cultured cotyledons did not accumulate urea when arginine (Arg) was provided with other amino acids in a "mock" seed-coat exudate. Arg as the sole nitrogen source was converted to urea but did not support cotyledon growth. There appeared to be a lack of recruitment of the low-level arginase activity to hydrolyze free Arg in developing embryos, thus avoiding a futile urea cycle.

1   This work was supported by the Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 97-35 305-4629 to J.C.P.). A.G. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Interdisciplinary Plant Group. This is journal contribution no. 12,804 from the Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail polaccoj{at}missouri.edu; fax 1-573-882-5635.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 297-304
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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