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The Xanthophyll Cycle Modulates the Kinetics of Nonphotochemical
Energy Dissipation in Isolated Light-Harvesting Complexes, Intact
Chloroplasts, and
Leaves of Spinach1
Alexander V. Ruban* and
Peter Horton
Robert Hill Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield
S10 2TN, United Kingdom
We analyzed the kinetics of
nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qN) in spinach
(Spinacia oleracea) leaves, chloroplasts, and purified
light-harvesting complexes. The characteristic biphasic pattern of
fluorescence quenching in dark-adapted leaves, which was removed by
preillumination, was evidence of light activation of qN, a process
correlated with the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle
carotenoids. Chloroplasts isolated from dark-adapted and
light-activated leaves confirmed the nature of light activation: faster
and greater quenching at a subsaturating transthylakoid pH gradient.
The light-harvesting chlorophyll
a/b-binding complexes of photosystem II
were isolated from dark-adapted and light-activated leaves. When
isolated from light-activated leaves, these complexes showed an
increase in the rate of quenching in vitro compared with samples
prepared from dark-adapted leaves. In all cases, the quenching kinetics
were fitted to a single component hyperbolic function. For leaves,
chloroplasts, and light-harvesting complexes, the presence of
zeaxanthin was associated with an increased rate constant for the
induction of quenching. We discuss the significance of these
observations in terms of the mechanism and control of qN.
1
This work was supported by the Biotechnology and
Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (grant no.
50/C05874).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail a.ruban{at}sheffield.ac.uk; fax
44-114-272-8697.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 531-542
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/119//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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