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Rhizosphere Bacteria Enhance Selenium Accumulation and Volatilization by Indian Mustard1

Mark P. de Souza, Dara Chu, May Zhao, Adel M. Zayed, Steven E. Ruzin, Denise Schichnes, and Norman Terry*

Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.d.S., D.C., M.Z., A.M.Z., S.E.R., D.S., N.T.), and College of Natural Resources Center for Biological Imaging (S.E.R., D.S.), University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, California 94709-3102

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) accumulates high tissue Se concentrations and volatilizes Se in relatively nontoxic forms, such as dimethylselenide. This study showed that the presence of bacteria in the rhizosphere of Indian mustard was necessary to achieve the best rates of plant Se accumulation and volatilization of selenate. Experiments with the antibiotic ampicillin showed that bacteria facilitated 35% of plant Se volatilization and 70% of plant tissue accumulation. These results were confirmed by inoculating axenic plants with rhizosphere bacteria. Compared with axenic controls, plants inoculated with rhizosphere bacteria had 5-fold higher Se concentrations in roots (the site of volatilization) and 4-fold higher rates of Se volatilization. Plants with bacteria contained a heat-labile compound in their root exudate; when this compound was added to the rhizosphere of axenic plants, Se accumulation in plant tissues increased. Plants with bacteria had an increased root surface area compared with axenic plants; the increased area was unlikely to have caused their increased tissue Se accumulation because they did not accumulate more Se when supplied with selenite or selenomethionine. Rhizosphere bacteria also possibly increased plant Se volatilization because they enabled plants to overcome a rate-limiting step in the Se volatilization pathway, i.e. Se accumulation in plant tissues.

1   This work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (grant nos. W08021-30 and W04163 to N.T.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail nterry{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax 1-510-642-3510.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 565-574
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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