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Flavonoids Promote Haustoria Formation in the Root Parasite Triphysaria versicolor1

Huguette Albrecht, John I. Yoder*, and Donald A. Phillips

Department of Vegetable Crops (H.A., J.I.Y.), and Department of Agronomy and Range Science (D.A.P.), University of California, Davis, California 95616-8746

Parasitic plants in the Scrophulariaceae develop infective root structures called haustoria in response to chemical signals released from host-plant roots. This study used a simple in vitro assay to characterize natural and synthetic molecules that induce haustoria in the facultative parasite Triphysaria versicolor. Several phenolic acids, flavonoids, and the quinone 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone induced haustoria in T. versicolor root tips within hours after treatment. The concentration at which different molecules were active varied widely, the most active being 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone and the anthocyanidin peonidin. Maize (Zea mays) seeds are rich sources of molecules that induce T. versicolor haustoria in vitro, and chromatographic analyses indicated that the active molecules present in maize-seed rinses include anthocyanins, other flavonoids, and simple phenolics. The presence of different classes of inducing molecules in seed rinses was substantiated by the observation that maize kernels deficient in chalcone synthase, a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, released haustoria-inducing molecules, although at reduced levels compared with wild-type kernels. We discuss these results in light of existing models for host perception in the related parasitic plant Striga.

1   This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Developmental Biology grant no. 94-07737) and by the Rockefeller Foundation.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail jiyoder{at}ucdavis.edu; fax 1-530-752-9659.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 585-592
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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