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Regulation of Growth Anisotropy in Well-Watered and Water-Stressed Maize Roots. II. Role of Cortical Microtubules and Cellulose Microfibrils1

Tobias I. Baskin*, Herman T.H.M. Meekes, Benjamin M. Liang, and Robert E. Sharp

Division of Biological Sciences (T.I.B., H.T.H.M.M.) and Department of Agronomy, Plant Science Unit (B.M.L., R.E.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211

We tested the hypothesis that the degree of anisotropic expansion of plant tissues is controlled by the degree of alignment of cortical microtubules or cellulose microfibrils. Previously, for the primary root of maize (Zea mays L.), we quantified spatial profiles of expansion rate in length, radius, and circumference and the degree of growth anisotropy separately for the stele and cortex, as roots became thinner with time from germination or in response to low water potential (B.M. Liang, R.E. Sharp, T.I. Baskin [1997] Plant Physiol 115:101-111). Here, for the same material, we quantified microtubule alignment with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and microfibril alignment throughout the cell wall with polarized-light microscopy and from the innermost cell wall layer with electron microscopy. Throughout much of the growth zone, mean orientations of microtubules and microfibrils were transverse, consistent with their parallel alignment specifying the direction of maximal expansion rate (i.e. elongation). However, where microtubule alignment became helical, microfibrils often made helices of opposite handedness, showing that parallelism between these elements was not required for helical orientations. Finally, contrary to the hypothesis, the degree of growth anisotropy was not correlated with the degree of alignment of either microtubules or microfibrils. The mechanisms plants use to specify radial and tangential expansion rates remain uncharacterized.

1   This paper is dedicated to the memory of Paul B. Green (1931-1998). This project was funded in part by grant no. 94ER20146 (to T.I.B.) from the U.S. Department of Energy and does not constitute endorsement by that department of views expressed herein by the University of Missouri Research Board (award no. RB-95038 to T.I.B.), by the Cooperative States Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (award no. 95-37100-1601 (with R.E.S. and W.G. Spollen), and by the University of Missouri Food for the 21st Century Program (R.E.S). This is a contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, journal series no. 12,841.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail baskin{at}biosci.mbp.missouri.edu; fax 1-573-882-0123.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 681-692
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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