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Changes of Mitochondrial Properties in Maize Seedlings Associated
with Selection for Germination at Low Temperature. Fatty Acid
Composition, Cytochrome c Oxidase, and Adenine
Nucleotide Translocase Activities1
Aurelio De Santis*,
Pierangelo Landi, and
Giuseppe Genchi
Laboratorio di Fisiologia Vegetale, Dipartimento di Biologia
Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio
42, I-40126 Bologna, Italy (A.D.S.); Dipartimento di Agronomia,
Università di Bologna, via Filippo Re 6, I-40126 Bologna,
Italy (P.L.); and Laboratorio di Biochimica, Dipartimento
Farmaco-Biologico, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Cosenza,
Italy (G.G.)
Mitochondria are affected by low
temperature during seedling establishment in maize (Zea
mays L.). We evaluated the associated changes in the
mitochondrial properties of populations selected for high (C4-H) and
low (C4-L) germination levels at 9.5°C. When seedlings of the two
populations were grown at 14°C (near the lower growth limit), the
mitochondrial inner membranes of C4-H showed a higher percentage of
18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids, a higher fluidity, and a higher
activity of cytochrome c oxidase. We found a positive
relationship between these properties and the activity of a
mitochondrial peroxidase, allowing C4-H to reduce lipid peroxidation
relative to C4-L. The specific activity of reconstituted ATP/ADP
translocase was positively associated with this peroxidase activity,
suggesting that translocase activity is also affected by chilling. The
level of oxidative stress and defense mechanisms are differently
expressed in tolerant and susceptible populations when seedlings are
grown at a temperature near the lower growth limit. Thus, the
interaction between membrane lipids and cytochrome c
oxidase seems to play a key role in maize chilling tolerance.
Furthermore, the divergent-recurrent selection procedure apparently
affects the allelic frequencies of genes controlling such an
interaction.
1
This research was supported by the Italian
Ministry of University and Scientific Research (National Research Unit:
Biology of Differentiation and Development of Plants), by the National Research Council of Italy, and by the University of Bologna.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail desantis{at}agrsci.unibo.it; fax
39-51-242576.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 743-754
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/119//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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