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Separating Growth from Elastic Deformation during
Cell
Enlargement1
Timothy E. Proseus,
Joseph K.E. Ortega, and
John S. Boyer*
College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware
19958 (T.E.P., J.S.B.); and Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80224 (J.K.E.O.)
Plants change size by deforming
reversibly (elastically) whenever turgor pressure changes, and by
growing. The elastic deformation is independent of growth because it
occurs in nongrowing cells. Its occurrence with growth has prevented
growth from being observed alone. We investigated whether the two
processes could be separated in internode cells of Chara
corallina Klien ex Willd., em R.D.W. by injecting or removing
cell solution with a pressure probe to change turgor while the cell
length was continuously measured. Cell size changed immediately when
turgor changed, and growth rates appeared to be altered. Low
temperature eliminated growth but did not alter the elastic effects.
This allowed elastic deformation measured at low temperature to be
subtracted from elongation at warm temperature in the same cell. After
the subtraction, growth alone could be observed for the first time.
Alterations in turgor caused growth to change rapidly to a new, steady
rate with no evidence of rapid adjustments in wall properties. This
turgor response, together with the marked sensitivity of growth to
temperature, suggested that the growth rate was not controlled by inert
polymer extension but rather by biochemical reactions that include a
turgor-sensitive step.
1
This study was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. IBN-9603956 to J.K.E.O.) and the Department of
Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-87ER13776 to J.S.B.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail boyer{at}udel.edu; fax
1-302-645-4007.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 775-784
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/119//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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