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Mannose Inhibits Arabidopsis Germination via a
Hexokinase-Mediated Step1
Jónatas V. Pego*,
Peter J. Weisbeek, and
Sjef C.M. Smeekens
Department of Botanical Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
(J.V.P., S.C.M.S.), and Department of Molecular Cell Biology
(J.V.P., P.J.W., S.C.M.S.), University of Utrecht,
Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
Low concentrations of the
glucose (Glc) analog mannose (Man) inhibit germination of Arabidopsis
seeds. Man is phosphorylated by hexokinase (HXK), but the absence of
germination was not due to ATP or phosphate depletion. The addition of
metabolizable sugars reversed the Man-mediated inhibition of
germination. Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of gene expression
involving a HXK-mediated pathway is known to be activated by Glc,
Man, and other monosaccharides. Therefore, we investigated whether Man
blocks germination through this system. By testing other Glc analogs,
we found that 2-deoxyglucose, which, like Man, is phosphorylated by
HXK, also blocked germination; no inhibition was observed with
6-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylglucose, which are not
substrates for HXK. Since these latter two sugars are taken up at a
rate similar to that of Man, uptake is unlikely to be involved in the
inhibition of germination. Furthermore, we show that mannoheptulose, a
specific HXK inhibitor, restores germination of seeds grown in the
presence of Man. We conclude that HXK is involved in the Man-mediated
repression of germination of Arabidopsis seeds, possibly via energy
depletion.
1
This work was financially supported by the
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbon,
Portugal (grant no. PRAXIS XXI/BD/3103/94 to J.V.P.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail j.pego{at}bio.uu.nl; fax
31-30-2513655.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 1017-1024
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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