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Mannose Inhibits Arabidopsis Germination via a Hexokinase-Mediated Step1

Jónatas V. Pego*, Peter J. Weisbeek, and Sjef C.M. Smeekens

Department of Botanical Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (J.V.P., S.C.M.S.), and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (J.V.P., P.J.W., S.C.M.S.), University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

Low concentrations of the glucose (Glc) analog mannose (Man) inhibit germination of Arabidopsis seeds. Man is phosphorylated by hexokinase (HXK), but the absence of germination was not due to ATP or phosphate depletion. The addition of metabolizable sugars reversed the Man-mediated inhibition of germination. Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of gene expression involving a HXK-mediated pathway is known to be activated by Glc, Man, and other monosaccharides. Therefore, we investigated whether Man blocks germination through this system. By testing other Glc analogs, we found that 2-deoxyglucose, which, like Man, is phosphorylated by HXK, also blocked germination; no inhibition was observed with 6-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylglucose, which are not substrates for HXK. Since these latter two sugars are taken up at a rate similar to that of Man, uptake is unlikely to be involved in the inhibition of germination. Furthermore, we show that mannoheptulose, a specific HXK inhibitor, restores germination of seeds grown in the presence of Man. We conclude that HXK is involved in the Man-mediated repression of germination of Arabidopsis seeds, possibly via energy depletion.

1   This work was financially supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal (grant no. PRAXIS XXI/BD/3103/94 to J.V.P.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail j.pego{at}bio.uu.nl; fax 31-30-2513655.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 1017-1024
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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