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Further Studies of the Role of Cyclic beta -Glucans in Symbiosis. An ndvC Mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Synthesizes Cyclodecakis-(1right-arrow 3)-beta -Glucosyl1

Arvind A. Bhagwat*, Axel Mithöfer, Philip E. Pfeffer, Christine Kraus, Nicole Spickers, Arland Hotchkiss, Jürgen Ebel, and Donald L. Keister

Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Building 006, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (A.A.B., A.M., D.L.K.); Department of Natural Resource Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (A.A.B.); Botanisches Institut der Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany (A.M., J.E.); USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038 (P.E.P., A.H.); and Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany (C.K., N.S.)

The cyclic beta -(1right-arrow3),beta -(1right-arrow6)-D-glucan synthesis locus of Bradyrhizobium japonicum is composed of at least two genes, ndvB and ndvC. Mutation in either gene affects glucan synthesis, as well as the ability of the bacterium to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with the legume host soybean (Glycine max). B. japonicum strain AB-14 (ndvB::Tn5) does not synthesize beta -glucans, and strain AB-1 (ndvC::Tn5) synthesizes a cyclic beta -glucan lacking beta -(1right-arrow6)-glycosidic bonds. We determined that the structure of the glucan synthesized by strain AB-1 is cyclodecakis-(1right-arrow3)-beta -D-glucosyl, a cyclic beta -(1right-arrow3)-linked decasaccharide in which one of the residues is substituted in the 6 position with beta -laminaribiose. Cyclodecakis-(1right-arrow3)-beta -D-glucosyl did not suppress the fungal beta -glucan-induced plant defense response in soybean cotyledons and had much lower affinity for the putative membrane receptor protein than cyclic beta -(1right-arrow3),beta -(1right-arrow6)-glucans produced by wild-type B. japonicum. This is consistent with the hypothesis presented previously that the wild-type cyclic beta -glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response.

1   This research was supported in part by award 96 35305 3731 to A.A.B. and D.L.K. from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative Competitive Research Grants Program, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 369) to J.E., and by the Binational National Science Foundation-Deutsche Academic Exchange Service (Germany) visiting scientist exchange program (J.E., A.M., and A.A.B.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail arvind{at}wam.umd.edu; fax 1-301-504-5728.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 1057-1064
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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