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Impacts of Aluminum on the Cytoskeleton of the Maize Root Apex. Short-Term Effects on the Distal Part of the Transition Zone1

Mayandi Sivaguru2, 3, Frantisek Baluska2, Dieter Volkmann, Hubert H. Felle, and Walter J. Horst*

Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625-021, India (M.S.); Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuserstrasse 2 D-30419, Hannover, Germany (M.S., W.J.H.); Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (F.B., D.V.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovakia (F.B.); and Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 17-21, D-35390 Giessen, Germany (H.H.F.)

Using monoclonal tubulin and actin antibodies, Al-mediated alterations to microtubules (MTs) and actin microfilaments (MFs) were shown to be most prominent in cells of the distal part of the transition zone (DTZ) of an Al-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar. An early response to Al (1 h, 90 µM) was the depletion of MTs in cells of the DTZ, specifically in the outermost cortical cell file. However, no prominent changes to the MT cytoskeleton were found in elongating cells treated with Al for 1 h in spite of severe inhibition of root elongation. Al-induced early alterations to actin MFs were less dramatic and consisted of increased actin fluorescence of partially disintegrated MF arrays in cells of the DTZ. These tissue- and development-specific alterations to the cytoskeleton were preceded by and/or coincided with Al-induced depolarization of the plasma membrane and with callose formation, particularly in the outer cortex cells of the DTZ. Longer Al supplies (>6 h) led to progressive enhancements of lesions to the MT cytoskeleton in the epidermis and two to three outer cortex cell files. Our data show that the cytoskeleton in the cells of the DTZ is especially sensitive to Al, consistent with the recently proposed specific Al sensitivity of this unique, apical maize root zone.

1   This work was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to W.J.H. and M.S., and also from an Indo (Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India)-German postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the German Academic Exchange Services, Bonn, to M.S. Partial support to F.B. was provided by VEGA (project no. 3009) of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
2   These authors contributed equally to this work.
3   Present address: Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail horst{at}mbox.pflern.uni-hannover.de; fax 49-511-7623611.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 1073-1082
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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