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A Single Limit Dextrinase Gene Is Expressed Both in the Developing Endosperm and in Germinated Grains of Barley1

Rachel A. Burton2, Xiao-Qi Zhang2, Maria Hrmova, and Geoffrey B. Fincher*

Department of Plant Science, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia

The single gene encoding limit dextrinase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.41) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) has 26 introns that range in size from 93 to 822 base pairs. The mature polypeptide encoded by the gene has 884 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 97,417 D. Limit dextrinase mRNA is abundant in gibberellic acid-treated aleurone layers and in germinated grain. Gibberellic acid response elements were found in the promoter region of the gene. These observations suggest that the enzyme participates in starch hydrolysis during endosperm mobilization in germinated grain. The mRNA encoding the enzyme is present at lower levels in the developing endosperm of immature grain, a location consistent with a role for limit dextrinase in starch synthesis. Enzyme activity was also detected in developing grain. The limit dextrinase has a presequence typical of transit peptides that target nascent polypeptides to amyloplasts, but this would not be expected to direct secretion of the mature enzyme from aleurone cells in germinated grain. It remains to be discovered how the enzyme is released from the aleurone and whether another enzyme, possibly of the isoamylase group, might be equally important for starch hydrolysis in germinated grain.

1   This work was supported by a grant from the South East Australian Malting Barley Quality Improvement Program, which includes contributions from Joe White Maltings, the Grains Research and Development Corporation, the Strategic Research Foundation, Barrett-Burston International, the Australian Associated Brewers, and the Adelaide Malting Company.
2   These two authors contributed equally to this work.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail gfincher{at}waite.adelaide.edu.au; fax 61-8-8303-7109.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 859-872
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//14
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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