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Phytochrome D Acts in the Shade-Avoidance Syndrome in Arabidopsis by Controlling Elongation Growth and Flowering Time1

Paul F. Devlin2, Paul R.H. Robson3, Samita R. Patel, Lynn Goosey, Robert A. Sharrock, and Garry C. Whitelam*

Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH United Kingdom (P.F.D., P.R.H.R., S.R.P., G.C.W.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 (L.G., R.A.S.)

Shade avoidance in higher plants is regulated by the action of multiple phytochrome (phy) species that detect changes in the red/far-red ratio (R/FR) of incident light and initiate a redirection of growth and an acceleration of flowering. The phyB mutant of Arabidopsis is constitutively elongated and early flowering and displays attenuated responses to both reduced R/FR and end-of-day far-red light, conditions that induce strong shade-avoidance reactions in wild-type plants. This indicates that phyB plays an important role in the control of shade avoidance. In Arabidopsis phyB and phyD are the products of a recently duplicated gene and share approximately 80% identity. We investigated the role played by phyD in shade avoidance by analyzing the responses of phyD-deficient mutants. Compared with the monogenic phyB mutant, the phyB-phyD double mutant flowers early and has a smaller leaf area, phenotypes that are characteristic of shade avoidance. Furthermore, compared with the monogenic phyB mutant, the phyB-phyD double mutant shows a more attenuated response to a reduced R/FR for these responses. Compared with the phyA-phyB double mutant, the phyA-phyB-phyD triple mutant has elongated petioles and displays an enhanced elongation of internodes in response to end-of-day far-red light. These characteristics indicate that phyD acts in the shade-avoidance syndrome by controlling flowering time and leaf area and that phyC and/or phyE also play a role.

1   This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) (grant no. P02304 to P.F.D) and by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. IBN94-07864 and IBN98-0881 to R.A.S.).
2   Present address: Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
3   Present address: Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB UK.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail gcwl{at}le.ac.uk; fax 44-116-2522791.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 909-916
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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