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Regulation of Soybean Nodulation Independent of
Ethylene
Signaling1
J. Scott Schmidt,
James E. Harper,
Thomas K. Hoffman, and
Andrew F. Bent*
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (J.S.S., T.K.H., A.F.B.); and United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service,
Plant Physiology and Genetics Research, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (J.E.H.)
Leguminous plants regulate the number
of Bradyrhizobium- or Rhizobium-infected
sites that develop into nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Ethylene has been
implicated in the regulation of nodule formation in some species, but
this role has remained in question for soybean (Glycine
max). The present study used soybean mutants with decreased
responsiveness to ethylene, soybean mutants with defective regulation
of nodule number, and Ag+ inhibition of ethylene perception
to examine the role of ethylene in the regulation of nodule number.
Nodule numbers on ethylene-insensitive mutants and plants treated with
Ag+ were similar to those on wild-type plants and untreated
plants, respectively. Hypernodulating mutants displayed wild-type
ethylene sensitivity. Suppression of nodule numbers by high nitrate was also similar between ethylene-insensitive plants, wild-type plants, and
plants treated with Ag+. Ethylene insensitivity of the
roots of etr1-1 mutants was confirmed using assays for
sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and for
ethylene-stimulated root-hair formation. Additional phenotypes of
etr1-1 roots were also characterized. Ethylene-dependent pathways regulate the number of nodules that form on species such as
pea and Medicago truncatula, but our data indicate that
ethylene is less significant in regulating the number of nodules that
form on soybean.
1
This research was funded by a grant to A.F.B.
from the Illinois Soybean Program Operating Board.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail a-bent{at}uiuc.edu; fax
1-217-333-4777.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 951-960
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/119//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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