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Acclimation of Arabidopsis Leaves Developing at Low Temperatures. Increasing Cytoplasmic Volume Accompanies Increased Activities of Enzymes in the Calvin Cycle and in the Sucrose-Biosynthesis Pathway1

Åsa Strand*, Vaughan Hurry, Stefan Henkes, Norman Huner, Petter Gustafsson, Per Gardeström, and Mark Stitt

Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden (Å.S., V.H., P. Gustafsson, P. Gardeström); Botanisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany (V.H., S.H., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (N.H.)

Photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation to low growth temperatures were studied in Arabidopsis (Heynh.). Plants were grown at 23°C and then shifted to 5°C. We compared the leaves shifted to 5°C for 10 d and the new leaves developed at 5°C with the control leaves on plants that had been left at 23°C. Leaf development at 5°C resulted in the recovery of photosynthesis to rates comparable with those achieved by control leaves at 23°C. There was a shift in the partitioning of carbon from starch and toward sucrose (Suc) in leaves that developed at 5°C. The recovery of photosynthetic capacity and the redirection of carbon to Suc in these leaves were associated with coordinated increases in the activity of several Calvin-cycle enzymes, even larger increases in the activity of key enzymes for Suc biosynthesis, and an increase in the phosphate available for metabolism. Development of leaves at 5°C also led to an increase in cytoplasmic volume and a decrease in vacuolar volume, which may provide an important mechanism for increasing the enzymes and metabolites in cold-acclimated leaves. Understanding the mechanisms underlying such structural changes during leaf development in the cold could result in novel approaches to increasing plant yield.

1   This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Technical Research Council (to P. Gardeström and P. Gustafsson), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (no. SFB 199 to M.S.), and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to N.H.). V.H. acknowledges the generous support of the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung and the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail asa.strand{at}plantphys.umu.se; fax 46-90-786-66-76.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 119: 1387-1398
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/119//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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