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Refilling of Embolized Vessels in Young Stems of Laurel. Do We Need a New Paradigm?1

Melvin Thomas Tyree*, Sebastiano Salleo, Andrea Nardini, Maria Assunta Lo Gullo, and Roberto Mosca

United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 705 Spear Street, Burlington, Vermont 05402 (M.T.T.); Dipartimento di Biologia (S.S., A.N.), and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche (R.M.), Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; and Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, ItalyIstituto di Botanica, Università di Messina, C.P. 58, 98166 Messina, S. Agata, Italy (M.A.L.G.)

Recovery of hydraulic conductivity after the induction of embolisms was studied in woody stems of laurel (Laurus nobilis). Previous experiments confirming the recovery of hydraulic conductivity when xylem pressure potential was less than -1 MPa were repeated, and new experiments were done to investigate the changes in solute composition in xylem vessels during refilling. Xylem sap collected by perfusion of excised stem segments showed elevated levels of several ions during refilling. Stem segments were frozen in liquid N2 to view refilling vessels using cryoscanning electron microscopy. Vessels could be found in all three states of presumed refilling: (a) mostly water with a little air, (b) mostly air with a little water, or (c) water droplets extruding from vessel pits adjacent to living cells. Radiographic probe microanalysis of refilling vessels revealed nondetectable levels of dissolved solutes. Results are discussed in terms of proposed mechanisms of refilling in vessels while surrounding vessels were at a xylem pressure potential of less than -1 MPa. We have concluded that none of the existing paradigms explains the results.

1   This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Technological and Scientific Research.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail meltyree{at}aol.com; fax 1-802-951-6368.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 11-22
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/120//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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