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Identification of the Soluble Starch Synthase Activities of Maize Endosperm1

Heping Cao, Jennifer Imparl-Radosevich, Hanping Guan, Peter L. Keeling, Martha G. James, and Alan M. Myers*

Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (H.C., M.G.J., A.M.M.); and ExSeed Genetics, L.L.C., and Department of Agronomy, Food Sciences Building, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (J.I.-P., H.G., P.L.K.)

This study identified the complement of soluble starch synthases (SSs) present in developing maize (Zea mays) endosperm. The product of the du1 gene, DU1, was shown to be one of the two major soluble SSs. The C-terminal 450 residues of DU1 comprise eight sequence blocks conserved in 28 known or predicted glucan synthases. This region of DU1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to possess SS activity. DU1-specific antisera detected a soluble endosperm protein of more than 200 kD that was lacking in du1- mutants. These antisera eliminated 20% to 30% of the soluble SS activity from kernel extracts. Antiserum against the isozyme zSSI eliminated approximately 60% of the total soluble SS, and immunodepletion of du1- mutant extracts with this antiserum nearly eliminated SS activity. Two soluble SS activities were identified by electrophoretic fractionation, each of which correlated specifically with zSSI or DU1. Thus, DU1 and zSSI accounted for the great majority of soluble SS activity present in developing endosperm. The relative activity of the two isozymes did not change significantly during the starch biosynthetic period. DU1 and zSSI may be interdependent, because mutant extracts lacking DU1 exhibited a significant stimulation of the remaining SS activity.

1   This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 96-35300-3779 to A.M.M. and M.G.J.) and the National Science Foundation (grant no. DIR-9113593 to the Iowa State University Signal Transduction Training Group). This is journal paper no. J-18330 of project no. 3197 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station (Ames). This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Bruce Wasserman.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail ammyers{at}iastate.edu; fax 1-515-294-0453.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 205-216
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/120//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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