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Carbon Uptake and the Metabolism and Transport of Lipids in an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza1

Philip E. Pfeffer*, David D. Douds Jr., Guillaume Bécard, and Yair Shachar-Hill*

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038 (P.E.P., D.D.D.); Centre de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France (G.B.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001 (Y.S.-H.)

Both the plant and the fungus benefit nutritionally in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: The host plant enjoys enhanced mineral uptake and the fungus receives fixed carbon. In this exchange the uptake, metabolism, and translocation of carbon by the fungal partner are poorly understood. We therefore analyzed the fate of isotopically labeled substrates in an arbuscular mycorrhiza (in vitro cultures of Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot [Daucus carota] roots colonized by Glomus intraradices) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Labeling patterns observed in lipids and carbohydrates after substrates were supplied to the mycorrhizal roots or the extraradical mycelium indicated that: (a) 13C-labeled glucose and fructose (but not mannitol or succinate) are effectively taken up by the fungus within the root and are metabolized to yield labeled carbohydrates and lipids; (b) the extraradical mycelium does not use exogenous sugars for catabolism, storage, or transfer to the host; (c) the fungus converts sugars taken up in the root compartment into lipids that are then translocated to the extraradical mycelium (there being little or no lipid synthesis in the external mycelium); and (d) hexose in fungal tissue undergoes substantially higher fluxes through an oxidative pentose phosphate pathway than does hexose in the host plant.

1   This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 97-35107-4375 from the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program), by a fellowship to G.B. under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Co-operative Grants program, and by the Resource for Solid-State NMR of Proteins at the University of Pennsylvania, a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported research center (grant no. P41RR09731 from the Biomedical Research Technology Program, National Center for Research Resources, NIH).
*   Corresponding authors; e-mail ppfeffer{at}arserrc.gov; fax 1-215-233-6581; e-mail yairhill{at}nmsu.edu; fax 1-505-646-2469.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 587-598
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/120//12
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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