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Ethylene Plays Multiple Nonprimary Roles in Modulating the
Gravitropic Response in Tomato1
Andreas Madlung,
Friedrich J. Behringer, and
Terri L. Lomax*
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene
Research and Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331-2902
Ethylene is known to interact with
auxin in regulating stem growth, and yet evidence for the role of
ethylene in tropic responses is contradictory. Our analysis of four
mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) altered in
their response to gravity, auxin, and/or ethylene revealed
concentration-dependent modulation of shoot gravitropism by ethylene.
Ethylene inhibitors reduce wild-type gravicurvature, and extremely low
(0.0005-0.001 µL L 1) ethylene concentrations can
restore the reduced gravitropic response of the auxin-resistant
dgt
(diageotropica) mutant to wild-type levels. Slightly higher concentrations of ethylene
inhibit the gravitropic response of all but the ethylene-insensitive nr
(never-ripe)
mutant. The gravitropic responses of nr and the
constitutive-response mutant epi
(epinastic) are slightly and
significantly delayed, respectively, but otherwise normal. The reversal
of shoot gravicurvature by red light in the lz-2(lazy-2)
mutant is not affected by ethylene. Taken together, these data indicate
that, although ethylene does not play a primary role in the gravitropic
response of tomato, low levels of ethylene are necessary for a full
gravitropic response, and moderate levels of the hormone specifically
inhibit gravicurvature in a manner different from ethylene inhibition of overall growth.
1
This research was supported by a doctoral
fellowship from the Deutsche Studienstiftung (to A.M.), a National
Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Space Biology Research
Associate award (to F.J.B.), and grants from the NASA Gravitational
Biology and Ecology Program and the National Science Foundation
Integrative Plant Biology Program to T.L.L.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail lomaxt{at}bcc.orst.edu; fax
1-541-737-3573.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 897-906
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/120//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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