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Proline Accumulation in Developing Grapevine Fruit Occurs Independently of Changes in the Levels of Delta 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase mRNA or Protein1

Anna P. Stines, Dean J. Naylor, Peter B. Høj, and Robyn van Heeswijck*

Department of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Oenology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia (A.P.S., D.J.N., P.B.H., R.v.H.); The Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, Plant Research Centre, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia (A.P.S., P.B.H., R.v.H.); and The Australian Wine Research Institute, Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia (P.B.H.)

Mature fruit of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) contains unusually high levels of free proline (Pro; up to 24 µmol or 2.8 mg/g fresh weight). Pro accumulation does not occur uniformly throughout berry development but only during the last 4 to 6 weeks of ripening when both berry growth and net protein accumulation have ceased. In contrast, the steady-state levels of both the mRNA encoding V. vinifera Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (VVP5CS), a key regulatory enzyme in Pro biosynthesis, and its protein product remain relatively uniform throughout fruit development. In addition, the steady-state protein levels of Pro dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in Pro degradation, increased throughout early fruit development but thereafter remained relatively constant. The developmental accumulation of free Pro late in grape berry ripening is thus clearly distinct from the osmotic stress-induced accumulation of Pro in plants. It is not associated with either sustained increases in steady-state levels of P5CS mRNA or protein or a decrease in steady-state levels of Pro dehydrogenase protein, suggesting that other physiological factors are important for its regulation.

1   This work was supported by a Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture PhD Scholarship to A.P.S.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail rvanhees{at}waite.adelaide.edu.au; fax 61-8-8303-7116.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 923
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/120//01
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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