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The Localization and Expression of the Class II Starch Synthases of Wheat1

Zhongyi Li, Xiusheng Chu, Gregory Mouille, Liuling Yan, Behjat Kosar-Hashemi, Sandra Hey, Johnathan Napier, Peter Shewry, Bryan Clarke, Rudi Appels, Matthew K. Morell*, and Sadequr Rahman

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (Z.L., G.M., B.K.-H., B.C., R.A., M.K.M., S.R.); Crop Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China (X.C.); Department of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, vic 3030, Victoria, Australia (L.Y.); and IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, Bristol BS18 9AF, United Kingdom (S.H., J.N., P.S.)

The starch granules of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) contain a group of three proteins known as SGP-1 (starch granule protein-1) proteins, which have apparent molecular masses of 100, 108, and 115 kD. The nature and role of these proteins has not been defined previously. We demonstrate that these polypeptides are starch synthases that are present in both the starch granule and the soluble fraction at the early stages of wheat endosperm development, but that are exclusively granule bound at mid and late endosperm development. A partial cDNA clone encoding a fragment of the 100-kD protein was obtained by screening a wheat endosperm cDNA expression library using monoclonal antibodies. Three classes of cDNA were subsequently isolated from a wheat endosperm cDNA library by nucleic acid hybridization and were shown to encode the 100-, 108-, and 115-kD proteins. The cDNA sequences are highly homologous to class II starch synthases and have the highest homology with the maize SSIIa (starch synthase IIa) gene. mRNA for the SGP-1 proteins was detected in the leaf, pre-anthesis florets, and endosperm of wheat and is highly expressed in the leaf and in the grain during the early to mid stages of development. We discuss the roles of the SGP-1 proteins in starch biosynthesis in wheat.

1   This work was supported by Goodman Fielder (Sydney) and Groupe Limagrain (Paris). IACR receives grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail morell{at}pi.csiro.au; fax 61-2-6246-5000.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 1147-1156
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/120//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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