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Observations of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Leaf Water
Confirm the Craig-Gordon Model under Wide-Ranging Environmental
Conditions1
John S. Roden2, * and
James R. Ehleringer
Stable Isotope Ratio Facility for Environmental Research,
Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
84112
The
Craig-Gordon evaporative enrichment model of the hydrogen ( D) and
oxygen (18O) isotopes of water was tested in a
controlled-environment gas exchange cuvette over a wide range (400
D and 40 18O) of leaf waters. (Throughout this
paper we use the term "leaf water" to describe the site of
evaporation, which should not be confused with "bulk leaf water" a
term used exclusively for uncorrected measurements obtained from whole
leaf water extractions.) Regardless of how the isotopic
composition of leaf water was achieved (i.e. by changes in source
water, atmospheric vapor D or 18O, vapor pressure
gradients, or combinations of all three), a modified version of the
Craig-Gordon model was shown to be sound in its ability to predict the
D and 18O values of water at the site of evaporation.
The isotopic composition of atmospheric vapor was shown to have
profound effects on the D and 18O of leaf water and
its influence was dependent on vapor pressure gradients. These results
have implications for conditions in which the isotopic composition of
atmospheric vapor is not in equilibrium with source water, such as
experimental systems that grow plants under isotopically enriched water
regimes. The assumptions of steady state were also tested and found not
to be a major limitation for the utilization of the leaf water model
under relatively stable environmental conditions. After a major
perturbation in the D and 18O of atmospheric vapor,
the leaf reached steady state in approximately 2 h, depending on
vapor pressure gradients. Following a step change in source water, the
leaf achieved steady state in 24 h, with the vast majority of
changes occurring in the first 3 h. Therefore, the Craig-Gordon
model is a useful tool for understanding the environmental factors that
influence the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of leaf water as
well as the organic matter derived from leaf water.
1
This study was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. IBN 95-08671).
2
Present address: Department of Biology, Southern
Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520-5071.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail rodenj{at}sou.edu; fax 541-552-6412.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 120: 1165-1174
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/120//10
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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