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Oligogalacturonic Acid and Chitosan Reduce Stomatal Aperture by
Inducing the Evolution of Reactive Oxygen Species from Guard Cells of
Tomato and Commelina communis1
Sumin Lee,
Hyunjung Choi,
SuJeoung Suh,
In-Suk Doo,
Ki-Young Oh,
Eun Jeong Choi,
Ann T. Schroeder Taylor,
Philip S. Low, and
Youngsook Lee*
Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and
Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea (S.L., H.C., S.S.,
I.-S.D., K.-Y.O., E.J.C., Y.L.); and Department of Chemistry,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (A.T.S.T.,
P.S.L.)
Stomatal opening provides access to
inner leaf tissues for many plant pathogens, so narrowing stomatal
apertures may be advantageous for plant defense. We investigated how
guard cells respond to elicitors that can be generated from cell walls
of plants or pathogens during pathogen infection. The effect of
oligogalacturonic acid (OGA), a degradation product of the plant cell
wall, and chitosan ( -1,4-linked glucosamine), a component of the
fungal cell wall, on stomatal movements were examined in leaf epidermis
of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and
Commelina communis L. These elicitors reduced the size
of the stomatal aperture. OGA not only inhibited light-induced stomatal
opening, but also accelerated stomatal closing in both species;
chitosan inhibited light-induced stomatal opening in tomato epidermis.
The effects of OGA and chitosan were suppressed when EGTA, catalase, or
ascorbic acid was present in the medium, suggesting that
Ca2+ and H2O2 mediate the
elicitor-induced decrease of stomatal apertures. We show that the
H2O2 that is involved in this process is
produced by guard cells in response to elicitors. Our results suggest
that guard cells infected by pathogens may close their stomata via a
pathway involving H2O2 production, thus
interfering with the continuous invasion of pathogens through the
stomatal pores.
1
This work was supported by a Korea-United States
cooperative research grant from the Korea Science and Engineering
Foundation (no. 966-0500-007-2 awarded to Y.L.) and by a grant from
the National Science Foundation of the United States (nos. INT-9600183
and MCB-9725934 awarded to P.S.L.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail ylee{at}postech.ac.kr; fax
82-562-279-2199.
Plant Physiol. (1999) 121: 147-152
Copyright Clearance Center: 0032-0889/99/121//06
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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