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Spider Mite-Induced (3S)-(E)-Nerolidol Synthase Activity in Cucumber and Lima Bean. The First Dedicated Step in Acyclic C11-Homoterpene Biosynthesis1

Harro J. Bouwmeester*, Francel W.A. Verstappen, Maarten A. Posthumus, and Marcel Dicke

Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, P.O. Box 14, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.J.B., F.W.A.V.); Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen Agricultural University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.A.P.); and Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Binnenhaven 7, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands (M.D.)

Many plant species respond to herbivory with de novo production of a mixture of volatiles that attracts carnivorous enemies of the herbivores. One of the major components in the blend of volatiles produced by many different plant species in response to herbivory by insects and spider mites is the homoterpene 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene. One study (J. Donath, W. Boland [1995] Phytochemistry 39: 785-790) demonstrated that a number of plant species can convert the acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol (3S)-(E)-nerolidol to this homoterpene. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) both produce 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene in response to herbivory. We report the presence in cucumber and lima bean of a sesquiterpene synthase catalyzing the formation of (3S)-(E)-nerolidol from farnesyl diphosphate. The enzyme is inactive in uninfested cucumber leaves, slightly active in uninfested lima bean leaves, and strongly induced by feeding of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on both plant species, but not by mechanical wounding. The activities of the (3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase correlated well with the levels of release of 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene from the leaves of the different treatments. Thus, (3S)-(E)-nerolidol synthase is a good candidate for a regulatory role in the release of the important signaling molecule 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene.

1   This work was supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management, and Fisheries (H.J.B., F.W.A.V.) and the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Foundation (M.D.).
*   Corresponding author; e-mail h.j.bouwmeester{at}ab.dlo.nl; fax 31-317-423110.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 121: 173-180
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/121//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists




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