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1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase Activity Limits Ethylene Biosynthesis in Rumex palustris during Submergence

Wim H. Vriezen*, Raymond Hulzink, Celestina Mariani, and Laurentius A.C.J. Voesenek1

Departments of Experimental Botany and Ecology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Submergence strongly stimulates petiole elongation in Rumex palustris, and ethylene accumulation initiates and maintains this response in submerged tissues. cDNAs from R. palustris corresponding to a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase gene (RP-ACO1) were isolated from elongating petioles and used to study the expression of the corresponding gene. An increase in RP-ACO1 messenger was observed in the petioles and lamina of elongating leaves 2 h after the start of submergence. ACC oxidase enzyme activity was measured in homogenates of R. palustris shoots, and a relevant increase was observed within 12 h under water with a maximum after 24 h. We have shown previously that the ethylene production rate of submerged shoots does not increase significantly during the first 24 h of submergence (L.A.C.J. Voesenek, M. Banga, R.H. Thier, C.M. Mudde, F.M. Harren, G.W.M. Barendse, C.W.P.M. Blom [1993] Plant Physiol 103: 783-791), suggesting that under these conditions ACC oxidase activity is inhibited in vivo. We found evidence that this inhibition is caused by a reduction of oxygen levels. We hypothesize that an increased ACC oxidase enzyme concentration counterbalances the reduced enzyme activity caused by low oxygen concentration during submergence, thus sustaining ethylene production under these conditions. Therefore, ethylene biosynthesis seems to be limited at the level of ACC oxidase activity rather than by ACC synthase in R. palustris during submergence.

1   Present address: Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
*   Corresponding author; e-mail wimv{at}sci.kun.nl; fax 31-24-3652490.

Plant Physiol. (1999) 121: 189-196
Copyright Clearance Center:   0032-0889/99/121//08
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists






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