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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 353-362
Overexpression of a Gene That Encodes the First Enzyme in the
Biosynthesis of Asparagine-Linked Glycans Makes Plants Resistant to
Tunicamycin and Obviates the Tunicamycin-Induced Unfolded Protein
Response1
Nozomu
Koizumi,
Tokuko
Ujino,2
Hiroshi
Sano, and
Maarten J.
Chrispeels*
Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma,
Nara 630-0101, Japan (N.K., T.U., H.S.); and Department of Biology,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
(N.K., M.J.C.)
The
cytotoxic drug tunicamycin kills cells because it is a
specific inhibitor of
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (GPT), an enzyme
that catalyzes the initial step of the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked
oligosaccharides. In the presence of tunicamycin, asparagine-linked
glycoproteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum are not glycosylated
with N-linked glycans, and therefore may not fold
correctly. Such proteins may be targeted for breakdown. Cells that are
treated with tunicamycin normally experience an unfolded protein
response and induce genes that encode endoplasmic reticulum chaperones
such as the binding protein (BiP). We isolated a cDNA clone for
Arabidopsis GPT and overexpressed it in Arabidopsis. The transgenic
plants have a 10-fold higher level of GPT activity and are resistant to
1 µg/mL tunicamycin, a concentration that kills control plants.
Transgenic plants grown in the presence of tunicamycin have
N-glycosylated proteins and the drug does not induce BiP
mRNA levels as it does in control plants. BiP mRNA levels are highly
induced in both control and GPT-expressing plants by
azetidine-2-carboxylate. These observations suggest that excess GPT
activity obviates the normal unfolded protein response that cells
experience when exposed to tunicamycin.
1
This work was supported by a grant from the U.S.
Department of Energy (Energy Biosciences) to M.J.C. and a fellowship to
N.K. from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.
2
Present address: Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute Kukizaki, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail mchrispeels{at}ucsd.edu; fax
619-534-4052.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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