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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 419-428
Expression of a Polygalacturonase Associated with Tomato Seed
Germination1
Yaron
Sitrit,2
Kristen A.
Hadfield,3
Alan B.
Bennett,
Kent J.
Bradford, and
A. Bruce
Downie4*
Department of Vegetable Crops, One Shields Avenue, University of
California, Davis, California 95616-8631
Radicle
protrusion from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
seeds to complete germination requires weakening of the endosperm tissue opposite the radicle tip. In common with other cell wall disassembly processes in plants, polygalacturonases (PGs) may be
involved. Only calcium-dependent exo-PG activity was
detected in tomato seed protein extracts. Chromatographic profiles of a partially acid-hydrolyzed fraction of polygalacturonic acid further digested with seed extract were consistent with the presence of only
calcium-dependent exo-PG activity. In addition, a
transcript encoding a previously unknown PG was detected prior to the
completion of germination. The mRNA, produced from a gene
(LeXPG1) estimated by Southern analysis to be
represented once in the genome, was also present in flowers (anthers)
and in lower amounts in roots and stems. LeXPG1 mRNA
abundance was low during seed development, increased during imbibition,
and was even greater in seeds that had completed germination.
Expression of LeXPG1 during germination predominates in
the endosperm cap and radicle tip, and in the radicle appears as a
distinct band possibly associated with vascular tissue differentiation.
We suggest that PG is involved in cell wall loosening of the endosperm
necessary for radicle protrusion from tomato seeds and in subsequent
embryo and seedling growth.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant nos. IBN 9407264 and 9722978 to K.J.B.) and by the
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program/U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 9701534 to A.B.B.). Y.S. was supported by the
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development
Fund Post-Doctoral Fellowship no. FI-0169-93. A.B.D. was supported by
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Post-Doctoral Scholarships.
2
Present address: The Institutes for Applied
Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Israel.
3
Present address: Calgene, Inc., 1920 5th Street,
Davis, CA 95616.
4
Present address: Department of Horticulture,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail adownie{at}ca.uky.edu; fax
606-257-5237.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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