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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 437-452
Genetic Analysis of Growth-Regulator-Induced Parthenocarpy in
Arabidopsis1
Adam
Vivian-Smith and
Anna M.
Koltunow*
Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization, Plant
Industry, Horticulture Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Glen Osmond, South
Australia 5064, Australia (A.V.-S., A.M.K.); and Department of Plant
Science, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, P.M.B. 1, Glen Osmond,
South Australia 5064, Australia (A.V.-S.)
In Arabidopsis, seedless silique
development or parthenocarpy can be induced by the application of
various plant growth regulators (PGRs) to unfertilized pistils.
Ecotype-specific responses were observed in the Arabidopsis ecotypes
Columbia and Landsberg relative to the type of PGR and level applied.
The parthenocarpic response was greatest in ecotype Landsberg, and
comparisons of fruit growth and morphology were studied primarily in
this ecotype. Gibberellic acid application (10 µmol
pistil 1) caused development similar to that in pollinated
pistils, while benzyladenine (1 µmol pistil1) and
naphthylacetic acid (10 µmol pistil1) treatment
produced shorter siliques. Naphthylacetic acid primarily modified
mesocarp cell expansion. Arabidopsis mutants were employed to examine
potential dependencies on gibberellin biosynthesis (ga1-3,
ga4-1, and
ga5-1) and perception
(spy-4 and gai) during parthenocarpic
silique development. Emasculated spy-4 pistils were
neither obviously parthenocarpic nor deficient in PGR perception. By
contrast, emasculated gai mutants did not produce
parthenocarpic siliques following gibberellic acid application, but
silique development occurred following pollination or application of
auxin and cytokinin. Pollinated gai siliques had
decreased cell numbers and morphologically resembled auxin-induced
parthenocarpic siliques. This shows that a number of independent and
possibly redundant pathways can direct hormone-induced parthenocarpy,
and that endogenous gibberellins play a role in regulating cell
expansion and promoting cell division in carpels.
1
This work was supported by the Horticultural
Research and Development Corporation, Australia (to A.V.-S. and
A.M.K.), by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization (Australia), and by an Australian Postgraduate Award (to
A.V.-S.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail anna.koltunow{at}pi.csiro.au; fax
61-8-8303-8601.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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