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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 497-506

Successive Use of Non-Host Plant Proteinase Inhibitors Required for Effective Inhibition of Helicoverpa armigera Gut Proteinases and Larval Growth1

Abhay M. Harsulkar, Ashok P. Giri, Aparna G. Patankar, Vidya S. Gupta, Mohini N. Sainani, Prabhakar K. Ranjekar, and Vasanti V. Deshpande*

Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India

We report on the efficacy of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) from three host plants (chickpea [Cicer arietinum], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan], and cotton [Gossypium arboreum]) and three non-host (groundnut [Arachis hypogea], winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus], and potato [Solanum tuberosum]) in retarding the growth of Helicoverpa armigera larvae, a devastating pest of important crop plants. Enzyme assays and electrophoretic analysis of interaction of H. armigera gut proteinases (HGPs) with PIs revealed that non-host PIs inhibited HGP activity efficiently whereas host PIs were ineffective. In the electrophoretic assay, trypsin inhibitor activity bands were detected in all of the host and non-host plants, but HGP inhibitor activity bands were present only in non-host plants (except cotton in the host plant group). H. armigera larvae reared on a diet containing non-host PIs showed growth retardation, a reduction in total and trypsin-like proteinase activity, and the production of inhibitor-insensitive proteinases. Electrophoretic analysis of PI-induced HGP showed differential regulation of proteinase isoforms. Interestingly, HGP activity induced in response to dietary potato PI-II was inhibited by winged bean PIs. The optimized combination of potato PI-II and winged bean PIs identified in the present study and their proposed successive use has potential in developing H. armigera-resistant transgenic plants.

1 This work was sponsored by the McKnight Foundation, USA, under its International Collaborative Crop Research Program. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, awarded Research Associateship to A.M.H. and A.P.G. and Senior Research Fellowship to A.G.P.

* Corresponding author; e-mail pkr{at}ems.ncl.res.in; fax 91-20-5884032.

© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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