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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 657-664
Roles of Cellulose and Xyloglucan in Determining the Mechanical
Properties of Primary Plant Cell Walls1
Sarah E.C.
Whitney,
Michelle G.E.
Gothard,
John T.
Mitchell, and
Michael J.
Gidley*
Unilever Research Colworth, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK
44 1LQ, United Kingdom
The primary cell walls of growing and
fleshy plant tissue mostly share a common set of molecular components,
cellulose, xyloglucan (XyG), and pectin, that are required for both
inherent strength and the ability to respond to cell expansion during
growth. To probe molecular mechanisms underlying material properties,
cell walls and analog composites from Acetobacter
xylinus have been measured under small deformation and uniaxial
extension conditions as a function of molecular composition. Small
deformation oscillatory rheology shows a common frequency response for
homogenized native cell walls, their sequential extraction residues,
and bacterial cellulose alone. This behavior is characteristic of
structuring via entanglement of cellulosic rods and is more important
than cross-linking with XyG in determining shear moduli. Compared with cellulose alone, composites with XyG have lower stiffness and greater
extensibility in uniaxial tension, despite being highly cross-linked at
the molecular level. It is proposed that this is due to domains of
cross-linked cellulose behaving as mechanical elements, whereas
cellulose alone behaves as a mat of individual fibrils. The implication
from this work is that XyG/cellulose networks provide a balance of
extensibility and strength required by primary cell walls, which is not
achievable with cellulose alone.
1
This work was supported in part by the
Department of Trade and Industry Agro-Food Quality LINK Program.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail mike.gidley{at}unilever.com; fax
44-1234-222401.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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