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Plant Physiol, October 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 675-684
Analysis of the Relative Increase in Photosynthetic
O2 Uptake When Photosynthesis in Grapevine Leaves Is
Inhibited following Low Night Temperatures and/or Water
Stress1
Jaume
Flexas,*
Murray
Badger,
Wah Soon
Chow,
Hipólito
Medrano, and
Charles Barry
Osmond
Molecular Plant Physiology and Photobioenergetics Groups, Research
School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies,
Australian National University, Box 475, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia (J.F., M.B., W.S.C., C.B.O.); and Laboratori
Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados,
Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears,
Carretera Valldemossa Kilometer 7.5, 07071 Palma de
Mallorca, Baleares, Spain (J.F., H.M.)
We found similarities between the
effects of low night temperatures (5°C-10°C) and slowly imposed
water stress on photosynthesis in grapevine (Vitis
vinifera L.) leaves. Exposure of plants growing outdoors to
successive chilling nights caused light- and CO2-saturated photosynthetic O2 evolution to decline to zero within
5 d. Plants recovered after four warm nights. These photosynthetic
responses were confirmed in potted plants, even when roots were heated. The inhibitory effects of chilling were greater after a period of
illumination, probably because transpiration induced higher water
deficit. Stomatal closure only accounted for part of the inhibition of
photosynthesis. Fluorescence measurements showed no evidence of
photoinhibition, but nonphotochemical quenching increased in stressed
plants. The most characteristic response to both stresses was an
increase in the ratio of electron transport to net O2
evolution, even at high external CO2 concentrations. Oxygen
isotope exchange revealed that this imbalance was due to increased
O2 uptake, which probably has two components:
photorespiration and the Mehler reaction. Chilling- and drought-induced
water stress enhanced both O2 uptake processes, and both
processes maintained relatively high rates of electron flow as
CO2 exchange approached zero in stressed leaves.
Presumably, high electron transport associated with O2
uptake processes also maintained a high  pH, thus affording photoprotection.
1
This work was supported a grant to J.F. by Beca
de Investigació Universitat de les Illes Balears, and the work
was included in the framework of Comisión Interministerial de
Ciencia y Tecnología Projects AGF94-0687 and AGF97-1180
of the Plan Nacional (Spain).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail dbajfs4{at}ps.uib.es; fax
34-971-173-184.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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